Industrial Coagulants (Alum & PAC): Aluminum Sulfate () & Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC).
Comparative Overview & Specifications
Primary Applications
Aluminum Sulfate (Alum)
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Municipal Water Treatment: Primary coagulant for removing suspended solids, turbidity, and organic color from raw surface water.
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Pulp & Paper Industry: Functions as a sizing agent and pH controller in paper manufacturing processes.
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Algae Control in Ponds/Lakes: Binds phosphorus to prevent eutrophication and algal blooms.
Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC)
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High-Turbidity Water Treatment: Rapidly clarifies heavy river runoff or storm water during seasonal fluctuations.
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Industrial Wastewater: Superior performance in removing heavy metals, oil-water emulsions, and complex organic dye effluents (textile, tannery, processing plants).
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Cold-Water Clarification: Retains high coagulation efficiency in low-temperature winter conditions where standard alum performance drops.
Key Advantages of PAC over Traditional Alum
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📉 Lower Chemical Dosage: Requires up to 30%–50% less dosage volume compared to alum for equivalent clarification.
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🧪 Alkalinity Preservation: Consumes significantly less alkalinity, reducing or eliminating the need for post-treatment lime or sodium hydroxide addition.
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📦 Reduced Transport & Handling Costs: Higher concentration () means lower overall freight weights and smaller storage footprint requirements.
Technical Data & Properties
Safety, Handling & Storage Guidelines
⚠️ Handling Advisory: Both chemicals are acidic in aqueous solutions. Contact can cause mild to moderate skin irritation and eye damage. Acidic liquids cause corrosion to mild steel and galvanized metals.
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Storage Conditions: Store in dry, cool, well-ventilated areas. Keep bags sealed to prevent moisture absorption (caking). Use plastic, rubber-lined, or stainless steel (316) tanks and piping for liquid preparations.
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Incompatibility: Do not mix directly with alkaline chemicals (like caustic soda or lime) in concentrated form as violent precipitation will occur.
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Recommended PPE: Chemical safety goggles, dust mask (for powder handling), nitrile/PVC gloves, and protective workwear.
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